Diabetes Care：含镁饮食或可有效预防糖尿病的发生

  近日，刊登在国际杂志Diabetes Care上的一篇研究论文中，来自美国塔夫斯大学的研究人员通过研究发现，镁可以切断个体患糖尿病的风险。
  在饮食中获取足量的镁或许可以帮助降低糖尿病的风险，尤其是针对那些表现出糖尿病迹象的个体。研究者Adela Hruby表示，饮食中高镁摄入的健康个体血糖水平升高或胰岛素过量的可能性会降低37%。对已经出现糖尿病迹象的个体消耗含镁量最高的饮食，其患糖尿病的风险相比个体消耗含镁量最低的饮食会降低32%。
  当研究人员考虑其它的健康因子，比如纤维时，发现这些健康因子通常和富含镁的饮食具有相同的效应。文章中研究人员对2582名个体进行了长达7年的研究，参与者的平均年龄为54岁；
  在研究中，一半的美国人被推荐每天食用含镁饮食，对应于成年男性来讲每日400至420mg，对于成年女性来讲每日310至320mg，日常生活中镁存在于全谷类食物、蔬菜、鱼类、坚果及黑巧克力中。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
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Higher Magnesium Intake Reduces Risk of Impaired Glucose and Insulin Metabolism and Progression From Prediabetes to Diabetes in Middle-Aged Americans 
Diabetes Care    doi: 10.2337/dc13-1397 
Adela Hruby1, James B. Meigs2, Christopher J. O’Donnell3,4, Paul F. Jacques1 and Nicola M. McKeown1⇑ 
OBJECTIVE To assess 7-year associations between magnesium intake and incident prediabetes and/or insulin resistance (IR), and progression from these states to type 2 diabetes. 
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 2,582 community-dwelling participants 26–81 years old at baseline, magnesium intake and risk of incident “metabolic impairment,” defined as impaired fasting glucose (FG) (≥5.6 to <7.0 mmol/L), impaired glucose tolerance (2-h postload glucose ≥7.8 to <11.1 mmol/L), IR, or hyperinsulinemia (≥90th percentile of homeostasis model assessment of IR or fasting insulin, respectively), was estimated among those with normal baseline status, and risk of incident diabetes was estimated among those with baseline metabolic impairment. In participants without incident diabetes, we examined magnesium intake in relation to 7-year changes in fasting and postload glucose and insulin, IR, and insulin sensitivity. 
RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and energy intake, compared with those with the lowest magnesium intake, those with the highest intake had 37% lower risk of incident metabolic impairment (P trend = 0.02), and in those with baseline metabolic impairment, higher intake was associated with 32% lower risk of incident diabetes (P trend = 0.05). In the combined population, the risk in those with the highest intake was 53% (P trend = 0.0004) of those with the lowest intake. Adjusting for risk factors and dietary fiber attenuated associations in the baseline normal population but did not substantially affect associations in the metabolically impaired. Higher magnesium intake tended to associate with lower follow-up FG and IR, but not fasting insulin, postload values, or insulin sensitivity. 
CONCLUSIONS Magnesium intake may be particularly beneficial in offsetting risk of developing diabetes among those at high risk. Magnesium’s long-term associations with non–steady-state (dynamic) measures deserve further research.