通过改造T细胞来有效杀灭机体的黑色素瘤细胞

  近日，来自阿德雷德皇家医院（Royal Adelaide Hospital）的研究人员通过研究首次在疗法中将新型的DNA分子加入到病人机体的细胞中，成功地杀灭了患者机体的黑色素瘤细胞。
  研究者Gargett表示，我们机体的免疫系统通常不会识别机体中危险性的肿瘤，因为这些肿瘤是利用机体的物质所形成的。因此机体的白细胞就会对肿瘤放行而并不会攻击肿瘤细胞。文章中研究者对黑色素瘤患者机体T细胞的DNA进行了重编程，使其可以识别危险性的肿瘤并且对肿瘤细胞进行摧毁。
  黑色素瘤一旦得不到及时治疗患者的寿命不会超过5年；而研究者通过对小鼠机体的DNA进行切割剪裁，使其作为模板来进行拷贝，因为小鼠机体的免疫细胞可以立刻识别肿瘤并对其进行攻击。目前研究者在实验室进行研究发现，这种来自小鼠机体的DNA可以变成病人机体DNA的一部分，随后研究者利用特殊的生长因子来制造可以在实验室增殖的基因修饰化的T细胞，而患者机体的T细胞就在被证明安全之前会被冻存及检测。
  当基因修饰化的T细胞通过静脉进入到患者机体中后，患者就会被连续6周每周进行监测，随后再每隔4个月进行检测，持续一年，截止到目前为止研究结果证明这种疗法的安全的。目前研究人员计划扩大实验，包括对12名患者进行研究，来监测患者机体的反应。本文研究为开发治疗黑色素瘤患者的新型疗法提供了希望，每一种疗法都应该对患者完全个体化治疗，后期研究者还将对当前的技术进行优化以便开发出更适合每一位患者的新型个体化癌症疗法。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
  以上为转化医学网原创翻译整理，转载请注明出处和链接！
转化医学网推荐的新闻阅读：

A new way to kill melanoma skin cancers

Scientists are adding new DNA to the cells of patients in a world-first treatment to attack and kill melanoma skin cancers.
The new cell and gene therapy clinical trials have commenced in Adelaide, South Australia, led by Professor Michael Brown, Director of the Cancer Clinical Trials Unit at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and Research Officer Dr Tessa Gargett.

"Our own immune system doesn't usually recognise tumours in our body as dangerous, because they are made from of our own bodily materials,'' Dr Gargett said.

"So our white blood cells just pass by the tumours instead of attacking them as they would a foreign object – like a virus.

"We are reprogramming the DNA in patient's white blood cells – called T cells - to identify the tumour as dangerous and hopefully destroy it.''

Those diagnosed with advanced melanomas typically don't live longer than five years without treatments such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Dr Gargett said scientists based in Houston, Texas, USA cut and stitched DNA using mice as a template to copy because their immune cells instantly recognise tumours and attack them.

"Once this step is performed in our laboratory, the new DNA becomes part of the patient's own DNA in his or her T Cells,'' she said.

'Then we used special growth factors to make these gene-modified T cells expand in number in the laboratory. These patient T cells are stored and tested before they are deemed safe to return to the patient.''......

（转化医学网360zhyx.com）