FASEB J：继人类基因组后的人类微生物组计划

来自《The FASEB Journal》的报道：科学家们考虑到人群之间的差异因而设计了一个统一的工具来进行微生物组的研究。通过这项研究，将来研究者们就可以更好的评估我们摄取的食物或药物是否会影响我们的身体。

来自贝勒医学院妇产科学的Kjersti和Aagaard表示：“以前一直认为益生菌在微生物组中占主导作用，但是最近许多数据表明饮食的干预和抗生素的使用对微生物群落的组成也起着非常重要的作用。我们发现人类的健康和疾病状态不仅仅只取决于基因组，更在于微妙的饮食。”

Aagaard和他的同事们在18到40岁健康人中完成了全部的抽样过程，创建了一个无与伦比的微生物标本参考体系。研究者们从554个人中筛选了300个人进行研究（149男性，151女性，平均年龄26岁，平均BMI24,20%少数民族，10.7%是西班牙族）。

科学家们通过两次抽样279个健康人不同部位的微生物标本来纵向评估个人体内的微生物群落，又在100个健康人中进行了3次抽样过程来评估微生物组。这个抽样过程总共获得了11174个原始标本，从12479个DNA样品中获得了4组主要的基因进行基因库的测序。这个临床设计及参考群体的建立为微生物组的研究奠定了很好的基础。

《FASEB Journal》主编Gerald Weissmann表示：“无论是酸奶，青霉素还是苏打水都能改变我们体内微生物组的群落。这个开创性的研究使我们更好的理解饮食，疾病和药物如何影响我们内部的生态系统。”

参考文献：

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The Human Microbiome Project strategy for comprehensive sampling of the human microbiome and why it matters

The Human Microbiome Project used rigorous good clinical practice standards to complete comprehensive body site sampling in healthy 18- to 40-yr-old adults, creating an unparalleled reference set of microbiome specimens. To ensure that specimens represented minimally perturbed microbiomes, we first screened potential participants using exclusion criteria based on health history, including the presence of systemic diseases (e.g., hypertension, cancer, or immunodeficiency or autoimmune disorders), use of potential immunomodulators, and recent use of antibiotics or probiotics. Subsequent physical examinations excluded individuals based on body mass index (BMI), cutaneous lesions, and oral health. We screened 554 individuals to enroll 300 (149 men and 151 women, mean age 26 yr, mean BMI 24 kg/m2, 20.0% racial minority, and 10.7% Hispanic). We obtained specimens from the oral cavity, nares, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina (15 specimens from men and 18 from women). The study evaluated longitudinal changes in an individual's microbiome by sampling 279 participants twice (mean 212 d after the first sampling; range 30-359 d) and 100 individuals 3 times (mean 72 d after the second sampling; range 30-224 d). This sampling strategy yielded 11,174 primary specimens, from which 12,479 DNA samples were submitted to 4 centers for metagenomic sequencing. Our clinical design and well-defined reference cohort has laid a foundation for microbiome research.—Aagaard, K., Petrosino, J., Keitel, W., Watson, M., Katancik, J., Garcia, N., Patel, S., Cutting, M., Madden, T., Hamilton, H., Harris, E., Gevers, D., Simone, G., McInnes, P., Versalovic, J. The Human Microbiome Project strategy for comprehensive sampling of the human microbiome and why it matters.


来源：测序中国