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掌上设备检测HIV感染

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科学家开发出一种能够实时监测HIV病毒的手持式移动设备,只需在手指取一滴血,该设备就能显示出HIV病毒结果。相关文章发表在近期的Clinical Chemistry上。该技术能够面向偏远乡村,进行快速方便的诊断。 全世界HIV感染者有近三千四百万,而68%感染者居住在撒哈拉以南非洲,第二大聚集区是东亚和东南亚。这些区域的很多HIV感染者无法进行诊断...

科学家开发出一种能够实时监测HIV病毒的手持式移动设备,只需在手指取一滴血,该设备就能显示出HIV病毒结果。相关文章发表在近期的Clinical Chemistry上。该技术能够面向偏远乡村,进行快速方便的诊断。

全世界HIV感染者有近三千四百万,而68%感染者居住在撒哈拉以南非洲,第二大聚集区是东亚和东南亚。这些区域的很多HIV感染者无法进行诊断主要是由于很难到达医疗中心。这将进一步加重该国家本已繁重的财政负担,预计每年因艾滋病GDP减少1.5%。由于父母因艾滋病死亡,每年会产生一千六百多万艾滋病孤儿。

所以偏远的医疗条件差的地方急需低成本移动式的HIV检测装置。在本研究中,Curtis D. Chin博士和 Yuk Kee Cheung博士设计了一种仪器,该仪器能够进行酶联免疫吸附实验,检测HIV病毒。作者称该仪器能够在15分钟内通过指尖一滴血进行实验室水平的HIV病毒测试。

该仪器能够检测极弱的信号,并通过手机或者卫星网络自动与世界其他地方同步分享测试结果。由于实时更新数据,政府部门和流行病学家能够通过该移动设备监测艾滋病在不同地域的发病情况。能够极大提高对不同地域分配药物的效率。

Mobile Device for Disease Diagnosis and Data Tracking in Resource-Limited Settings

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Collection of epidemiological data and care of patients are hampered by lack of access to laboratory diagnostic equipment and patients' health records in resource-limited settings. We engineered a low-cost mobile device that combines cell-phone and satellite communication technologies with fluid miniaturization techniques for performing all essential ELISA functions.

METHODS: We assessed the device's ability to perform HIV serodiagnostic testing in Rwanda and synchronize results in real time with electronic health records. We tested serum, plasma, and whole blood samples collected in Rwanda and on a commercially available sample panel made of mixed antibody titers.

RESULTS: HIV testing on 167 Rwandan patients evaluated for HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections yielded diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99%, respectively. Testing on 40 Rwandan whole-blood samples—using 1 μ L of sample per patient—resulted in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 100%. The mobile device also successfully transmitted all whole-blood test results from a Rwandan clinic to a medical records database stored on the cloud. For all samples in the commercial panel, the device produced results in agreement with a leading ELISA test, including detection of weakly positive samples that were missed by existing rapid tests. The device operated autonomously with minimal user input, produced each result 10 times faster than benchtop ELISA, and consumed as little power as a mobile phone.

CONCLUSIONS: A low-cost mobile device can perform a blood-based HIV serodiagnostic test with laboratory-level accuracy and real-time synchronization of patient health record data.


来源:生物谷

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