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PNAS:证实一些干细胞也能触发肿瘤生长

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在脂肪干细胞不存在(左)和存在(右)时,肿瘤大小和胶原纤维排列,图片来自Claudia Fischbach-Teschl实验室。</div>
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在进行乳房切除和其他肿瘤切除治疗之后,经常被用于重建手术的干细胞可能也会造成危险:美国康奈尔大学生物医学研究人员发现这些干细胞与即便是微量的癌细胞接触,也能够会产生一种适合更多肿瘤生长的微环境。

在这项于6月4日在线发表在<em>PNAS</em>期刊上的最新研究中,研究人员所使用的干细胞来源于脂肪,因而被称为脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cell).它们非常适合用于组织再生和重建手术,这是因为它们非常好地承担起健康组织的功能和招募新的血管来促进愈合。

但是,康奈尔大学研究人员观察到癌细胞基质---含有肿瘤细胞分泌的化学物的可溶性物质---的存在能够阻止脂肪干细胞按照期望中的那样变成脂肪细胞。相反,这种癌细胞基质触发这些干细胞分泌出促进血管形成的化学因子,并触发它们发展为肌成纤维细胞(myofibroblast),而已知肌成纤维细胞在肿瘤发展中发挥着作用。

这些变化导致包围着脂肪干细胞的胞外基质硬化---硬化是<a href="http://www.bioon.com/Search.asp?Field=Title&amp;ClassID=&amp;keyword=乳腺癌">乳腺癌</a>的一个典型特征。肌成纤维细胞使得使得周围的组织变得坚硬起来,这种坚硬触发脂肪干细胞行为发生更多的变化,而这种变化又导致它们产生更加多的促进肿瘤发展的特征。

在体外利用干细胞和侵袭性程度不同的乳腺癌细胞系开展的实验中,研究人员观察到这些变化。他们首先收集来自肿瘤细胞的可溶性基质,并观察脂肪干细胞对这种基质作出的反应后如何发生改变。他们发现TGF-β和IL-8是特异性的肿瘤分泌因子,促进这些干细胞在表型上最终变化为肌成纤维细胞。他们通过注射干细胞和肿瘤细胞到小鼠乳腺中而在体内证实这些实验结果。

事实上,肥胖的妇女更可能患上乳腺癌,这也支持这项研究中的实验结果。更多脂肪组织的存在意味着更多的脂肪干细胞,因此人们可以推测更大的干细胞池可能促进肿瘤发展过程。 
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<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121160109" target="_blank">doi:10.1073/pnas.1121160109</a>
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<br/><strong>Implanted adipose progenitor cells as physicochemical regulators of breast cancer</strong><br/>


Emily M. Chandlera,1, Bo Ri Seoa,1, Joseph P. Califanoa, Roberto C. Andresen Eguiluzb, Jason S. Leea, Christine J. Yoona, David T. Timsa, James X. Wanga, Le Chengc, Sunish Mohananc, Mark R. Buckleyd, Itai Cohend, Alexander Yu Nikitinc, Rebecca M. Williamsa, Delphine Gourdonb, Cynthia A. Reinhart-Kinga, and Claudia Fischbach

Multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are increasingly used for regenerative purposes such as soft tissue reconstruction following mastectomy; however, the ability of tumors to commandeer ASC functions to advance tumor progression is not well understood. Through the integration of physical sciences and oncology approaches we investigated the capability of tumor-derived chemical and mechanical cues to enhance ASC-mediated contributions to tumor stroma formation. Our results indicate that soluble factors from breast cancer cells inhibit adipogenic differentiation while increasing proliferation, proangiogenic factor secretion, and myofibroblastic differentiation of ASCs. This altered ASC <a href="http://www.biodic.cn/search.asp?txtitle=phenotype" target="_blank">phenotype</a> led to varied extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and contraction thereby enhancing tissue stiffness, a characteristic feature of breast tumors. Increased stiffness, in turn, facilitated changes in ASC behavior similar to those observed with tumor-derived chemical cues. Orthotopic mouse studies further confirmed the pathological relevance of ASCs in tumor progression and stiffness in vivo. In summary, altered ASC behavior can promote tumorigenesis and, thus, their implementation for regenerative therapy should be carefully considered in patients previously treated for cancer.

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<div><br/>来源:生物谷 </div>
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