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腾讯登录检测基因突变预测药物戒烟是否奏效
| 导读 | 近日，来自美国华盛顿大学的研究者研究指出，导致戒烟很困难的基因变异可以增加重度吸烟者对于尼古丁替代疗法或者药物的反应。相关研究于5月30日刊登在了国际杂志<em>Journal of Psychiatry</em>上。这项研究指出，未来我们有可能预测病人通过尼古丁成瘾疗法药物治疗所带来的好处。
吸烟者的遗传基因组成使其处于一种重度沉迷抽烟的风险之中，这项研究中，研究者... |
近日，来自美国华盛顿大学的研究者研究指出，导致戒烟很困难的基因变异可以增加重度吸烟者对于尼古丁替代疗法或者药物的反应。相关研究于5月30日刊登在了国际杂志<em>Journal of Psychiatry</em>上。这项研究指出，未来我们有可能预测病人通过尼古丁成瘾疗法药物治疗所带来的好处。
吸烟者的遗传基因组成使其处于一种重度沉迷抽烟的风险之中，这项研究中，研究者分析了来自社区的5000名参与者和来自临床治疗的1000名参与者的数据，研究者研究了他们成功戒烟的能力和遗传变异之间的关系，而且这也和重度吸烟以及尼古丁依赖风险之间有一定联系。
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高危基因标记的人相比没有标记的人平均多吸两年时间的烟，他们通过药物治疗戒烟的可能性更小一些。相同的基因变异可以预测一个人对于戒烟疗法的效应，而且那些高危基因标记的人更容易对药物疗法产生反应。在临床试验中，高危个体对于药物治疗（如尼古丁贴剂）的反应比一般个体高出三倍；而且抗抑郁药物安非他酮可以帮助患者戒烟。
研究者Bierut和Chen表示，基因的变异涉及到一个人是否吸烟，变得对尼古丁沉迷，难以戒掉。研究者们表示相同的基因可以预测重度吸烟者以及其对于药物治疗的反应，遗传变异对于解开成瘾之谜至关重要。
研究者Bierut表示，这就好比是一个“棱角”（corner piece）而已，而且是解开这个谜底的重要的一部分，涉及到变异的这些基因固然重要，但是其它的基因和环境因素也扮演着重要角色。目前研究者已经鉴定出了对于药物治疗有反应的一组以及没有任何反应的一组，这将对于帮助人们成功戒烟至关重要。
没有遗传变异风险的人群并不会对药物产生反应，这些人群应当通过咨询或者非药物治疗手段来进行治疗。研究者Chen表示，这项研究将拉近我们和个体化用药的距离，尽管早期研究揭示了基因对于抽烟和成瘾有适度的影响。新的临床发现揭示了遗传变异对于吸烟者治疗效应有重要的效应及影响。
<br/><strong>原文摘要：</strong><br/>
<br/><strong>Interplay of Genetic Risk Factors (CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4) and Cessation Treatments in Smoking Cessation Success </strong><br/>
Objective: Smoking is highly intractable, and the genetic influences on cessation are unclear. Identifying the genetic factors affecting smoking cessation could elucidate the nature of tobacco dependence, enhance risk assessment, and support development of treatment algorithms. This study tested whether variants in the nicotinic receptor gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 predict age at smoking cessation and relapse after an attempt to quit smoking. Method: In a community-based, cross-sectional study (N=5,216) and a randomized comparative effectiveness smoking cessation trial (N=1,073), the authors used Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression to model the relationships of smoking cessation (self-reported quit age in the community study and point-prevalence abstinence at the end of treatment in the clinical trial) to three common haplotypes in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region defined by rs16969968 and rs680244. Results: The genetic variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region that predict nicotine dependence also predicted a later age at smoking cessation in the community sample. In the smoking cessation trial, haplotype predicted abstinence at end of treatment in individuals receiving placebo but not among individuals receiving active medication. Haplotype interacted with treatment in affecting cessation success. Conclusions: Smokers with the high-risk haplotype were three times as likely to respond to pharmacologic cessation treatments as were smokers with the low-risk haplotype. The high-risk haplotype increased the risk of cessation failure, and this increased risk was ameliorated by cessation pharmacotherapy. By identifying a high-risk genetic group with heightened response to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, this work may support the development of personalized cessation treatments.
<br/>来源：生物帮
吸烟者的遗传基因组成使其处于一种重度沉迷抽烟的风险之中，这项研究中，研究者分析了来自社区的5000名参与者和来自临床治疗的1000名参与者的数据，研究者研究了他们成功戒烟的能力和遗传变异之间的关系，而且这也和重度吸烟以及尼古丁依赖风险之间有一定联系。
<!--more-->
高危基因标记的人相比没有标记的人平均多吸两年时间的烟，他们通过药物治疗戒烟的可能性更小一些。相同的基因变异可以预测一个人对于戒烟疗法的效应，而且那些高危基因标记的人更容易对药物疗法产生反应。在临床试验中，高危个体对于药物治疗（如尼古丁贴剂）的反应比一般个体高出三倍；而且抗抑郁药物安非他酮可以帮助患者戒烟。
研究者Bierut和Chen表示，基因的变异涉及到一个人是否吸烟，变得对尼古丁沉迷，难以戒掉。研究者们表示相同的基因可以预测重度吸烟者以及其对于药物治疗的反应，遗传变异对于解开成瘾之谜至关重要。
研究者Bierut表示，这就好比是一个“棱角”（corner piece）而已，而且是解开这个谜底的重要的一部分，涉及到变异的这些基因固然重要，但是其它的基因和环境因素也扮演着重要角色。目前研究者已经鉴定出了对于药物治疗有反应的一组以及没有任何反应的一组，这将对于帮助人们成功戒烟至关重要。
没有遗传变异风险的人群并不会对药物产生反应，这些人群应当通过咨询或者非药物治疗手段来进行治疗。研究者Chen表示，这项研究将拉近我们和个体化用药的距离，尽管早期研究揭示了基因对于抽烟和成瘾有适度的影响。新的临床发现揭示了遗传变异对于吸烟者治疗效应有重要的效应及影响。
<br/><strong>原文摘要：</strong><br/>
<br/><strong>Interplay of Genetic Risk Factors (CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4) and Cessation Treatments in Smoking Cessation Success </strong><br/>
Objective: Smoking is highly intractable, and the genetic influences on cessation are unclear. Identifying the genetic factors affecting smoking cessation could elucidate the nature of tobacco dependence, enhance risk assessment, and support development of treatment algorithms. This study tested whether variants in the nicotinic receptor gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 predict age at smoking cessation and relapse after an attempt to quit smoking. Method: In a community-based, cross-sectional study (N=5,216) and a randomized comparative effectiveness smoking cessation trial (N=1,073), the authors used Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression to model the relationships of smoking cessation (self-reported quit age in the community study and point-prevalence abstinence at the end of treatment in the clinical trial) to three common haplotypes in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region defined by rs16969968 and rs680244. Results: The genetic variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region that predict nicotine dependence also predicted a later age at smoking cessation in the community sample. In the smoking cessation trial, haplotype predicted abstinence at end of treatment in individuals receiving placebo but not among individuals receiving active medication. Haplotype interacted with treatment in affecting cessation success. Conclusions: Smokers with the high-risk haplotype were three times as likely to respond to pharmacologic cessation treatments as were smokers with the low-risk haplotype. The high-risk haplotype increased the risk of cessation failure, and this increased risk was ameliorated by cessation pharmacotherapy. By identifying a high-risk genetic group with heightened response to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, this work may support the development of personalized cessation treatments.
<br/>来源：生物帮
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